ESC 1000 Earth Science    Name: __Answers___

Chapter 10: Mountain Building

Part K Chapter 10 Key Terms                          29 Points

Fill in the blanks with the word or words that best fit the definition:

 

  1. ________________– A large wedge shaped mass of sediment that accumulates in subduction zones. Here sediments is scraped from the subducting oceanic plate and accreted to the overriding crustal block

 

  1. ________________– Usually narrow and consisting of highly deformed sediments. They occur where oceanic lithosphere is being subducted beneath the margin of a continent 

 

  1. ________________– A fold in sedimentary strata resembling an arch

 

  1. ________________– A circular downfolded structure.

 

  1. ________________ (brittle deformation Deformation that involves the fracturing of rock. Associated with rocks near the surface.

 

  1. ________________– The process by which water vapor is changed directly to a solid without passing through the liquid state

 

  1. ________________– A fault in which the movement is parallel to the fault.

 

  1. ________________– A roughly circular upfolded structure similar to an anticline

 

  1. ________________– A type of solid state flow that produces a change in the size and shape of a rock body without fracturing . Occurs at depths where temperatures and confining pressures are high

 

  1. ________________– A  break in a rock mass along which movement has occurred

 

  1. ________________– A mountain formed by the displacement of rock along a fault

 

  1. ________________– A cliff created by movement along a fault. I t represents the exposed surface of the fault prior to modification by weathering and erosion

 

  1. ________________-  A bent rock layer or series of layers that were originally horizontal and subsequently deformed

 

  1. ________________-  A valley formed by the downward displacement of a fault-bounded block

 

  1. ________________– The gradual subsidence of mountains caused by lateral spreading of weak material located deep within these structures

 

  1. ________________– An elongate, uplifted block of crust bounded by faults

 

  1.  ________________– The concept that Earth’s crust is floating in gravitational balance upon the material of the mantle.

 

  1. ________________– The process of establishing a new level of gravitational equilibrium

 

  1.  ________________ – A fracture in rock along which thee has been no movement

 

  1. ________________ -  A one limbed flexure in strata. The strata are unusually flat-lying  or very gently dipping on both sides of the monocline

 

  1. ________________– A fault in which the rock above the fault plane has moved down relative to the rock below

 

  1. ________________– The processes that collectively result in the formation of mountains

 

  1. ________________– Margins that consists of continental shelf, continental slope, and continental rise.

 

  1. ________________– A fault in which the material above the fault plane moves up in relation to the material below.

 

  1. ________________-  A fault along which the movement is horizontal

 

  1.  ________________ – A linear downfold in sedimentary strata; the opposite of anticline

 

  1.  ________________ – A  crustal block bounded by faults, whose geologic history is distinct from the histories of adjoining crustal blocks

 

  1. ________________– A low-angle reverse fault

 

  1. ________________– A major strike-slip fault that cuts through the lithosphere and accommodates motion between two plates

 

accretionary wedge

fault-block mountains

normal fault 

active continental margin

fault scarp

orogenesis

anticline

fold

passive continental margin

basin

graben

reverse fault 

brittle failure

gravitational collapse

strike-slip fault 

deformation

horst

syncline

dip-slip fault

isostacy

terrane

dome

isotatic adjustment 

thrust fault 

ductile deformation

joint

transform fault 

fault

monocline