ESC 1000
Earth Science Name: __Answers___
Chapter 10: Mountain Building
Part K Chapter 10 Key Terms 29 Points
Fill in the blanks with the word or words that best fit the definition:
- accretionary wedge A large wedge shaped mass
of sediment that accumulates in subduction
zones. Here sediments is scraped from the subducting
oceanic plate and accreted to the overriding crustal
block
- active continental margin Usually
narrow and consisting of highly deformed sediments. They occur where
oceanic lithosphere is being subducted beneath
the margin of a continent
- anticline A fold in sedimentary
strata resembling an arch
- basin A circular downfolded structure.
- brittle failure (brittle deformation)
Deformation that involves the fracturing of rock. Associated with rocks
near the surface.
- deformation The process by which
water vapor is changed directly to a solid without passing through the
liquid state
- dip-slip fault A fault in which the
movement is parallel to the fault.
- dome A roughly circular upfolded structure similar to an anticline
- ductile deformation A type of solid
state flow that produces a change in the size and shape of a rock body
without fracturing . Occurs at depths where temperatures and confining
pressures are high
- fault A break in a rock mass along which
movement has occurred
- fault-block mountains A mountain formed by the displacement of rock
along a fault
- fault scarp A cliff created by
movement along a fault. I t represents the exposed surface of the fault
prior to modification by weathering and erosion
- fold - A bent rock layer or series of layers
that were originally horizontal and subsequently deformed
- graben
- A valley formed by the downward
displacement of a fault-bounded block
- gravitational collapse The gradual subsidence of mountains caused by
lateral spreading of weak material located deep within these structures
- horst
An elongate, uplifted block of crust bounded by faults
- isostacy The concept that Earths crust is floating in
gravitational balance upon the material of the mantle.
- isotatic adjustment The process of
establishing a new level of gravitational equilibrium
- joint A fracture in rock along which thee has
been no movement
- monocline - A one limbed flexure in strata. The
strata are unusually flat-lying or
very gently dipping on both sides of the monocline
- normal fault A fault in which the rock above the
fault plane has moved down relative to the rock below
- orogenesis
The processes that collectively result in the formation of mountains
- passive continental margin Margins that
consists of continental shelf, continental slope, and continental rise.
- reverse fault A fault in which the material above
the fault plane moves up in relation to the material below.
- strike-slip fault - A
fault along which the movement is horizontal
- syncline A linear downfold
in sedimentary strata; the opposite of anticline
- terrane A
crustal block bounded by faults, whose
geologic history is distinct from the histories of adjoining crustal blocks
- thrust fault A low-angle reverse fault
- transform fault A major strike-slip fault that cuts
through the lithosphere and accommodates motion between two plates