ESC 1000 Earth Science Name:__Answers___
Chapter 22 Part K: Key Terms
1.
___________________ – Thousands of
small planet-like bodies, ranging in size from a few hundred kilometers to less
than a kilometer, whose orbits are mainly between those of Mars and Jupiter.
2.
___________________– A region
roughly halfway between Mars and Jupiter where most of the asteroids in the
Solar System are found are considered to be leftover
debris from the Solar nebula.
3.
___________________ – The fuzzy,
gaseous component of a comet’s head.
4.
___________________ - A small body
that generally revolves around the Sun in an elongated orbit.
5.
___________________ – a
manifestation of volcanism, the eruption of ice and refers to the eruption of
magmas derived from the partial melting of ice rather than silicate rocks.
6.
___________________– A new class of
planet that include celestial bodies that orbit around the Sun, are essentially
round due to their self-gravity, but are not the only objects to occupy their
area of space.
7.
___________________– The initial
velocity an object needs to escape from the surface of a celestial body.
8.
___________________– Indentations
that are produced on the surface of a planet or moon by the impact of rapidly
moving debris (meteoroids, asteroids, and comets) and was a phenomenon that was
considerably common in the early history of the solar system that it is today.
9.
___________________- Any of the
Earth-like or terrestrial planets, including Mercury, Venus, Mars and Earth,
which are located closet to the Sun.
10.
___________________– One of the
three main categories of meteorites. This group is composed largely of iron
with varying amounts of nickel (5-20%).Most meteorite finds are of
this type.
11.
___________________ (or Gas
Giants) – Jupiter-like planets: Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune, and Saturn which have
very low densities because they are large planets that are not
primarily composed of rock or other solid matter.
12.
___________________ - The fifth planet from the Sun and the largest planet within the Solar
System. It is two and a half times as massive as all of the other planets in
our Solar System combined. It is classified as a gas giant, along with Saturn,
Uranus and Neptune. Together, these four planets are sometimes referred to as
the Jovian planets.
13.
___________________– A region
outside the orbit of
14.
___________________– (or highlands) The extensively cratered highlands of the Moon.
15.
___________________– A thin gray
layer on the surface of the Moon, consisting of loosely compacted, fragmented
material believed to have been formed by the repeated meteorite impacts.
16.
___________________ – The Latin name
for the smooth areas of the Moon formerly thought to be seas.
17.
___________________ – often called
the “Red Planet”, the fourth planet from the Sun and about half the size of
Earth. It is the only planet, except Mercury, that we can study its surface
with a telescope as all other planets have their surface hidden by clouds. It
is fourth terrestrial planet most distant from the Sun.
18.
___________________ – The innermost and smallest planet, that is hardly larger
than the Earth’s moon and is smaller than three other moons in the solar
system. It revolves quickly, 88 Earth days, but rotates slowly, 179 days.
19.
___________________ – The luminous
phenomenon observed when a meteoroid enters Earth’s atmosphere and burns up
20.
___________________ – Any portion of
a meteoroid that survives the traverse through Earth’s atmosphere and strikes
the Earth’s surface
21.
___________________ - Small solid
particles that have orbits in the solar system.
22.
___________________– Many meteors
appearing in the sky caused when Earth intercepts a swarm of meteoritic
particles.
23.
___________________ - the eighth and farthest planet from the Sun in the Solar System. It is the
fourth largest planet by diameter, and the third largest by mass. It was the
first planet found by mathematical prediction rather than regular observation.
It has the strongest winds of any planet in the solar system, measured as high
as 2100 km/h.
24.
___________________– A spherical
shell composed of comets that orbit the Sun at distances generally greater than
10,000 times the Earth-Sun distance.
25.
___________________– Jupiter-like
planets: Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune, and Saturn which have very low densities and
are the four planets most distant from the Sun.
26.
___________________ – Within the spinning disk created by the solar nebula, matter
gradually formed clumps of materials that collided and stuck together and grew into
the asteroid sized objects.
27.
___________________ – Dwarf planets located in the Kuiper belt beyond
the planet
28.
___________________ – Through repeated
collisions and accretion planetesimals grew into the
eight larger bodies and their satellites mainly during the first billions years
of the solar system.
29.
___________________ - the sixth planet from the Sun and the second largest planet in the Solar
System, after Jupiter. It is classified as a gas giant. And sometimes referred
to as one of the Jovian planets. It has a prominent
system of rings, consisting mostly of ice particles with a smaller amount of
rocky debris and dust. It is composed of hydrogen, with small proportions of
helium and trace elements with an interior consisting of a small core of rock
and ice, surrounded by a thick layer of metallic hydrogen and a gaseous outer
layer.
30.
___________________ (or Scattered Disk) is a distant region of the Solar System
that is sparsely populated by icy minor planets known as scattered disc objects (SDOs) and a subset of the broader family of trans-Neptunian
objects (TNOs).
31.
___________________ (or SDO) are icy minor planets which
populate the Scattered Disk region of the Solar System.
32.
___________________– A large rotating
cloud of interstellar dust and gas from which the Sun and the planets were
formed at the same time.
33.
___________________– One of the three main
categories of meteorites. This group, as the name implies, is a mixture of iron
and silicate minerals.
34.
___________________– One of the
three categories of meteorites. Such meteorites are composed largely of
silicate minerals with inclusions of other minerals.
35.
___________________ - The
extensively cratered highlands of the Moon.
36.
___________________- Any of the
Earth-like planets, including Mercury, Venus, mars and Earth.
37. ___________________ (or TNO) is any object in the solar system that
orbits the sun at a greater distance on average than
38. ___________________ - The seventh planet from the Sun and the third-largest and fourth-most massive planet in the solar system. It has a unique configuration among the planets because its axis of rotation is tilted sideways, nearly into the plane of its revolution about the Sun; its north and south poles lie where most other planets have their equators. Like the other giant planets, it has a ring system, a magnetosphere, and numerous moons.
39.
___________________ – similar in
size to Earth and is second planet from the Sun. It orbits the Sun in a nearly
perfect circle, once every 255 earth days. It is similar in size, density,
mass, and location in the solar system to the Earth and is often called
“Earth’s Twin”.
Chapter 22 Touring Our Solar System
Word List:
|
Asteroid Asteroid Belt coma Comet Cryovolcanism Dwarf Planet Escape velocity Impact craters Inner planets Iron meteorite Jovian planets Jupiter Kuiper belt |
Lunar highlands Lunar regolith Maria Mars Mercury Meteor Meteorite Meteoroid Meteor shower Oort cloud Outer planets Planetesimals |
Plutoids Protoplanets Saturn Scattered disc Scattered disc object Solar nebula Stony-iron meteorite Stony-meteorite Terrae Terrestrial planet Trans-Neptunian Object Uranus Venus |