ESC 1000 Earth
Science Name: _____________
Chapter 5: Running Water and Groundwater
Part K Chapter 5 Key Terms 67 Points
Fill in the blanks with the word or words that
best fit the definition:
1.
______________-
A fan-shaped deposit of sediment formed when a stream slope is abruptly reduced.
2.
______________-Unconsolidated
sediment deposited by a stream.
3.
______________
- Rock or soil through which the ground water moves easily.
4.
______________
- Impermeable beds that hinder or prevent groundwater movement.
5.
______________- A well in which the water
rises above the level where it was initially encountered.
6.
______________-
are earthen mounds built on the banks of a river to
increase the volume of water the channel can hold.
7.
______________
- A poorly drain area on a floodplain that results
when natural levees are present.
8.
______________ – common term for sand and
gravel deposits in a stream channel.
9.
______________ - The level below which a
stream cannot erode.
10. ______________– Sediment that is
carried by a stream along the bottom of its channel.
11. ______________- A stream consisting of
numerous intertwining Channels.
12. ______________- The total amount of sediment a stream is
able to transport.
13. ______________- A
naturally formed underground chamber or series of chambers most commonly
produced by solution activity in limestone
14. ______________- A measure of the largest particle a stream
can transport; a factor dependent on velocity.
15. ______________ - A cone-shaped depression in the water table
immediately surrounding a well.
16. ______________– the area of active
erosion on the other side of a meander.
17. ______________ - A short channel segment created when a river erodes
through the narrow neck of land between meanders.
18. ______________ - An accumulation of
sediment formed where a stream enters a lake or ocean.
19. ______________ - A stream system
that resembles the pattern of a branching tree.
20. ______________ - The quantity of the
water in a stream that passes a given point in a period of time.
21. ______________– That portion of a
stream’s load carried in solution.
22. ______________ - A section of a
stream that leaves the main flow.
23. ______________ - A
imaginary line that separates the drainage of two stream; often found along a
ridge.
24. ______________– The land area that
contributes water to a stream.
25. ______________ - The difference in
height between the bottom of a cone of depression and the original height of
the water table.
26. ______________ - The incorporation
and transportation of material by a mobile agent, such as water, wind, or ice.
27. ______________ - The combined effect
of evaporation and transportation
28. ______________ - When the discharge
of a stream becomes so great that it exceeds the capacity of the channel, it
overflows its bank which is natural behavior of streams.
29. ______________ - are dams built to
store floodwater and then let it out slowly
30. ______________- The flat, low-lying portion of
a stream valley subject to periodic inundation.
31. ______________ - A fountain of hot
water ejected periodically.
32. ______________ - The slope of a
stream, generally measured in feet per mile.
33. ______________- Water in zone of saturation.
34. ______________- A spring in which water is
6-9°C (10-15°F) warmer than the mean annual air temperature of its locality
35. ______________ - The unending
circulation of the earth water supply.
36. ______________ - Meandering channel
that flows in a steep, narrow valley. They form either when an area is uplifted
or when the base level drops.
37. ______________ - The maximum rate at which soil can absorb water.
38. ______________- A portion of water
that soaks into the ground.
39. ______________– a topography consisting of numerous depressions
call sinkholes.
40. ______________ - The movement of
water particles in straight-line paths that are parallel to the channel. The
water particles move downstream without mixing.
41. ______________ - A looplike bends in the
course of a stream.
42. ______________- The elevated land-forms that
parallel some streams and act to confine their waters, except during floodstage.
43. ______________ - A curved lake
produced when a stream cuts off a meander.
44. ______________ - A measure of
material’s ability to transmit water.
45. ______________– A crescent-shaped accumulation
of sand and gravel depositied inside of a meander.
46. ______________ - The volume of open
spaces in a rock or soil.
47. ______________ - A system of streams running in all directions away
from a central elevated structure, such as a volcano.
48. ______________ - A drainage pattern
characterized by numerous right angle bends that develops on jointed or
fractures bedrock.
49. ______________ - When the rate of
rainfall exceeds the earth ability to absorb
it, the surplus water flows over the surface into the lakes, and
streams.
50. ______________ – transportation of sediment through a series of
leaps and bounces.
51. ______________– The speed at which a
particle falls through a still fluid. The size, shape, and specific gravity of
particles influence this effect.
52. ______________ - A depression
produced in a region where soluble rock has been removed by groundwater.
53. ______________ -The process by which
solid particles of various sizes are separated by moving water or wind. Also,
the degree of similarity in particle size in sediment or sedimentary rock.
54. ______________ - A flow of
groundwater that emerges naturally at the ground surface.
55. ______________ - The icicle-like
structure that hangs from the ceiling of a carven.
56. ______________– The columnlike form that grows upward from the floor of a
cavern.
57. ______________ - The channel, valley
floor, and slopping valley walls of a stream.
58. ______________ - The fine sediment
carried within the body of flowing water.
59. ______________ - The release of
water vapor to the atmosphere by
plants.
60. ______________ - A system of streams in which nearly parallel
tributaries occupy valleys cut into folded strata.
61. ______________- The movement of water in a erratic fashion often characterized by swirling,
whirlpool-like eddies. Most stream flow a is of this
type.
62. ______________– The area above the
water table where openings in soil, sediment, and rock are not saturated but
filled mainly with air.
63. ______________- The upper level of
saturated zone of groundwater.
64. ______________ - An opening bored into the zone of saturation.
65. - A tributary that flow a parallel to the main
stream because a natural levee is present.
66. ______________ - Area above the water
table where openings in soil, sediment, and rock are not saturated but filled
mainly with air.
67. ______________ - Zone where all open
spaces in sediment and rock are completely filled with water.
Chapter 5: Running Water
and Groundwater
|
Alluvial Fans |
Drainage Basin |
Radial Pattern |
|
Alluvium |
Drawdown |
Rectangular Pattern |
|
Aquifers |
Erosion |
Runoff |
|
Aquitards |
Evapotranspiration |
Saltation |
|
Artesian Well |
Flood |
Settling velocity |
|
Artificial Levees |
Flood Control Dams |
Sinkholes |
|
Backswamp |
Floodplain |
Sorting |
|
Bar |
Geysers |
Springs |
|
Base level |
Gradient |
Stalactite |
|
Bed load |
Groundwater |
Stalagmite |
|
Braided Stream |
|
|
|
Capacity |
Hydrologic Cycle |
Suspended Load |
|
Cavern |
Incised Meander |
Transpiration |
|
Competence |
Infiltration |
Trellis Pattern |
|
Cone of Depression |
Infiltration Capacity |
Turbulent Flow |
|
Cut bank |
Karst topography |
Unsaturated zone |
|
Cutoff |
Laminar Flow |
Water Table |
|
Delta |
Meanders |
Wells |
|
Dendritic Pattern |
Natural Levees |
|
|
Discharge |
Oxbow lake |
Zone of Aeration |
|
Dissolved load |
Permeability |
Zone of Saturation |
|
Distributary |
Point bar |
|
|
Divide |
Porosity |
|