ESC 1000 Earth Science Tarbuck’s
11th-12th-13th Ed.
Chapter 6: Glacier, Deserts, and Wind 53 Points
1.
Ablation – A general
term for the loss of ice and snow from a glacier.
2.
Abrasion- The grinding and scraping of a rock
surface by the friction and impact of rock particles carried by water, wind, or
ice.
3.
Alluvial fan- Unconsolidated sediment deposited by
a stream.
4.
Alpine glacier- A glacier confined to a mountain
valley, which in most instance has previously been a stream valley.
5.
Aręte- A narrow knife like ridge separating two
adjacent glaciated valleys.
6.
Barchan Dune- A solitary sand dune shaped
like a crescent with its tips pointing downward.
7.
Barchanoid Dune-
Dunes forming scalloped rows of sand oriented at the right angle to the wind.
This form is immediate between isolated barchans and extensive waves of
transverse dune.
8.
Blowout- A depression excavated by the wind in
easily eroded deposits.
9.
Cirque- An amphitheater-shaped basin at the head
of a glaciated valley produced by frost wedging and plucking.
10.
Crevasse- A deep crack in the brittle surface of a
glacier.
11.
Cross beds- sloping layers of sand forming layers inclined
in the direction the wind is blowing.
12.
Deflation- The lifting or removal of loose
material by wind.
13.
Desert pavement- A layer of coarse pebbles and
gravel created when wind removed the finer material.
14.
Drumlin- A streamline asymmetrical hill compose of
glacial till. The steep side of the hill faces the direction from which the ice
advanced.
15.
End moraine- A ridge of till marking a former
position of the front of a glacier.
16.
Ephemeral stream – A stream that is usually dry
because it carries water only in response to specific episodes of rainfall.
Most desert streams are of this type.
17.
Esker- Sinuous rigid composed largely of sand and
gravel deposited by a stream flowing in a tunnel beneath a glacier near its
terminus.
18.
Fiord- A steep-sided inlet of the sea formed when
a glacial trough was partially submerged
19.
Glacial drift- An all-embracing term for sediments
of glacial origin, no matter how, where, or in what shape they where deposited.
20.
Glacial erratic- An ice transported boulder the was not derived from bedrock near its present site.
21.
Glacial Striations – scratches and grooves on
bedrock caused by glacial abrasion
22.
Glacial Trough- A mountain valley that has been widened, deepened,
and straightened by a glacier.
23.
Glacier- A thick mass of ice originating on land
from the compaction and recrystalization of snow that shows evidence of past or
present flow.
24.
Ground Moraine- A
undulating layer of till deposited as the ice front retreats.
25.
Hanging Valley- A tributary valley that enters a
glacial trough at a considerable height above its floor.
26.
Horn- A pyramid –like peak formed by glacial
action in three or more cirques surrounding a mountain summit.
27.
Ice Cap- A mass of glacial ice covering a high
upland of plateau and spreading out rapidly.
28.
Ice Sheet- A very large, thick mass of glacial ice
flowing outward in all directions from one or more accumulation centers.
29.
Ice Shelf – it is a large , relatively flat mass of floating ice that extends
seaward from the coast but remain attached to the land along one of the shores
30.
Interior drainage- A discontinuous pattern of intermittent streams that
do not flows to the ocean.
31.
Kame-
A steep-sided hill composed of sand and gravel originating when sediment is
collected in openings in stagnant glacial ice.
32.
Kettle holes
– depressions crated when blocks of ice become lodged in glacial deposits and
subsequently melted.
33.
Lateral Moraine- A ridge of till along the side of
an alpine glacier composed primarily of debris that fell to the glacier from
the valley walls.
34.
Loess- Deposits of windblown silt, lacking visible
layer generally buff-colored, and capable of maintaining a nearly vertical
cliff.
35.
Longitudinal
dune- Long ridges of sand oriented
parallel to the prevailing wind; these dunes from where sand supplies are
limited.
36.
Medical Moraine- A ridge of till formed when
lateral moraines from two coalescing alpine glaciers join.
37.
Outwash Plain- A relatively flat, gently sloping
plain consisting of materials deposited by meltwater stream in from of the
margin of an ice sheet.
38.
Parabolic dune- The shape of these dunes resembles
brachans, expect their tips point into the wind; they
often form along coasts that have strong on-shore winds, abundant sand, and
vegetation that partly cover the sand.
39.
Piedmont Glacier- A glacier that forms when one or
more valley glaciers emerge from the confining walls of a mountain valleys and
spreads out to create a broad sheet in the lowlands at the base of the mountains.
40.
41.
Pleistocene epoch- An epoch of the Quaternary
period beginning about 1.8 million years ago, and ending about 10,000 years
ago. Best known as the time of extensive continental glaciations.
42.
Plucking- The process by which pieces of bedrock
are lifted out of a place by a glacier.
43.
44.
Rock flour- Ground-up rock produced by the
grinding of effect of a glacier.
45.
Slip face- The steep, leeward slope of a sand
dune; it maintains an angle of about 34 degrees.
46.
Star Dune- Isolated hill of sand that exhibits a
complex form and develops where wind directions are variable.
47.
Stratified drift- Sediments deposited by glacial
meltwater.
48.
Till- Unsorted sediment deposited directly by a
glacier.
49.
Transverse dune- A series of long ridges oriented
at the right angle of the prevailing wind; these dunes form where vegetation is
sparse and sand is very plentiful.
50.
Valley Glacier- same as alpine glacier which is a
glacier confined to a mountain valley, which in most instance has previously
been a stream valley
51.
Valley Train- A relatively narrow body of
stratified drift deposited on a valley floor by meltwater streams that issue
from a valley glacier.
52.
Zone of Accumulation-The part of a glacier
characterized by snow accumulation and ice formation. Its outer limits in the
snowline.
53.
Zone of Wastage- The part of a glacier beyond the
zone accumulation where all the snow from the previous winter melts, as does
some the glacial ice.