ESC 1000 Earth
Science Name: ________________
Chapter 7:Plate Tectonics:
A Scientific Theory Unfolds
(12th Edition :
Chapter 7 Typed By: Margarette Eugene)
(formerly
Chapter 8 in the 11th Edition)
Part K Chapter 7 Key Terms 30 Points
Fill in the blanks with the word or words that best
fit the definition:
1. ________________- The subdivision of
a mantle situated below the lithosphere. The zone of weak material exists below
the depths of about 100 kilometers and in some region extends as deep as 700
kilometers. The rock within this zone is easily deformed.
2. ________________- A theory that
originally proposed that the continents are rafted about. It has essentially
been replaced by the plate tectonics theory
3.
4. ________________- A boundary in
which two plates move together, causing one of the slabs of lithosphere to be
consumed into the mantle as it descends beneath on an overriding plate.
5. ________________- the temperature
above which a material loses its magnetizations.
6. ________________- An elongated
depression in the seafloor produced by bending of oceanic crust during subduction.
7. ________________- A region where the
rigid plates are moving apart, typified by mid-oceanic ridges.
8. ________________- (also called paleomagnetisim) - The natural remnant magnetism in rock
bodies. The permanent magnetization acquired by rock that can be used to
determine the location of the magnetic poles and latitude of the rock at the
time is became magnetized.
9. ________________– Any break or
rapture in rock along with no appreciable movement has taken place.
10.
________________- A concentration of heat in a mantle capable of
producing magma, which turn extrudes onto the earth surface. The intraplate volcanism that produced the
11.
________________- A chain of volcanic islands generally located a few
hundred kilometers from a trench where active subduction
of one oceanic slab beneath another occurring. (same as
12.
________________- The rigid outer layer of earth, including the crust
and upper mantle.
13.
________________- Time scale of the Earth’s Magnetic Field in recent
past developed by establishing the magnetic polarity for lava flows of known
age.
14.
________________- A mass of hotter –than- normal mantle material that
ascends towards the surface, where it may lead to igneous activity. These
plumes of slid yet mobile material may originate as deep as the core-mantle
boundary.
15.
________________- A magnetic field that is the same as that which exists
at present.
16.
________________- A continuous elevation zone on the floor of all the major ocean basin and varying in width from 500 to
5000 kilometers (300 to 3000 miles). The rift at the crests of ridges represent
divergent plate boundaries
17.
________________- The natural remnant magnetism in rock bodies. The
permanent magnetization acquired by rock that can be used to determine the
location of the magnetic poles and latitude of the rock at the time is became
magnetized.
18.
________________- The proposed supercontinent
that 200 million years ago begin to break apart and form the present
landmasses.
19.
________________– the process by which most igneous rocks melt. Since
different minerals have different melting points, most igneous rocks melt over
a temperature range of a few hundred degrees. If the liquid is squeezed out
after some melting has occurred, a melt with a high silica content result.
20.
________________- One of numerous rigid sections of the lithosphere that
moves as unit over the material of the Asthenosphere.
21.
________________- The theory that proposes the earth outer shell
consists of individual plats that interact in varies ways and thereby produce earthquakes, volcanoes, mountains, and the crust
itself.
22.
________________- A magnetic field opposite to that which exists at present.
23.
________________- A mechanism that may contributes to plate motion. It
involves the oceanic lithosphere sliding down the oceanic ridge under the pull
of gravity.
24.
________________- Along the axis of some oceanic ridge segments is a
deep downfaulted structure
25.
________________- The process of producing new seafloor between two
diverging plats.
26.
________________- A mechanism that may contributes to plate motion in
which cool, dense oceanic crust sinks into the mantle and “pulls” the trailing
lithosphere along.
27.
________________– Another driving force which arises from the drag of a subducting slab on the adjacent mantle which results in an
induced mantle circulation that pulls both the subducting
and overriding plates toward the trench
28.
________________- A long, narrow zone where one lithosphere plate
descends beneath another.
29.
________________- A boundary in which two plates slide past one another
without creating or destroying lithosphere.
30.
________________- A chain of volcanic islands generally located a few
hundred kilometers from a trench where active subduction of one oceanic slab
beneath another occurring.
Chapter 7:
Plate
Tectonics: A Scientific Theory Unfolds
Asthenosphere |
Island arc |
Plate
tectonics |
Continental
drift theory |
Lithosphere |
Reverse
polarity |
Continental
volcanic arc |
Magnetic
time scale |
Ridge push |
Convergent
plate boundary |
Mantle
plume |
Rift (rift valley) |
Curie
Point |
Normal
polarity |
Seafloor
is spreading |
Deep-ocean
trench |
Ocean
ridge system |
Slab pull |
Divergent
plate boundary |
Paleomagnetism |
slab
suction |
fossil
magnetism |
Pangaea |
Subduction zone |
Fracture |
Partial
melting |
Transform
fault boundary |
Hot spot |
Plate |
Volcanic
island arc |