ESC 1000 Earth Science
Name: __Answers___
Chapter 8: Earthquakes and earth’s Interior
(12th Edition :
Chapter 8 Typed By: Margarette Eugene)
(formerly Chapter 7
in the 11th Edition)
Part K Chapter 8 Key Terms 32 Points
Fill in the blanks with the word or words that best fit the
definition:
1. Aftershock- Smaller
earthquakes that follow the main earthquake.
2. Asthenosphere- A subdivision of the mantle situated below the
lithosphere. The zone of weak materials exists below the depth of about 100
kilometers and in some regions extends as deep as 700 kilometers. The rock
within this zone is easily deformed.
3. Body wave- Seismic
waves that travel through the earth interior?
4. Core- located
beneath the mantle, it is the innermost layer of the Earth divided into two
regions: Inner and Outer..
5. Crust- The very thin
outermost layer of the earth.
6. Earthquake- The
vibration of the earth produced by rapid release of energy.
7. Elastic
rebound- The sudden release of stored
strain in rocs that results in movement along a fault.
8. Epicenter- The location of the earth surface that lies directly
above the focus of an earthquake.
9. Fault-
A break in a rock mass along which movement has
occurred.
10.
Fault creep- Displacement along a fault that is so slow and
gradual that little seismic activity occurs.
11.
Focus (earthquake)-
The zone within Earth where rock displacement produces an earthquake.
12.
Foreshock- Small earthquakes that often precede a major
earthquake.
13.
Inner core- The solid innermost layer of earth, about 1300
kilometers (800 miles) in radius.
14.
Intensity- A measure of degree of earthquake shaking at a given
locale based on the amount of damage.
15.
Liquefaction- A phenomenon sometime associated with earthquakes,
in which soils and other unconsolidated materials containing abundant water are
tuned into a fluidlike mass that is not capable of
supporting buildings.
16.
Lithosphere- The rigid outer layer of earth, including the crust
and upper mantle.
17.
Magnitude- The total amount of energy released during an
earthquake.
18.
Mantle- The
2900-kilometers (1800-mile) –thick layer of earth located below the crust.
19.
Mesosphere- The layer of the atmosphere immediately above the
stratosphere and characterized by decreasing temperature with height.
20.
Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale – A 12-point scale developed to evaluate earthquake intensity based on
the amount of damage to various structures.
21.
Mohorovicic Discontinuity- The
boundary separating the crust from the mantle, discernible by an increase in
seismic velocity.
22.
Moment Magnitude- A more precise measure of earthquake magnitude than
the richter scale that is
derived from the amount of displacement that occurs along a fault zone.
23.
Outer core- A layer beneath the mantle about 2200 kilometers
(1364 Miles) thick that has the properties of a liquid.
24.
Primary (P) Wave- A type of seismic wave that involves alternating
compression and expansion of the material through which it passes.
25.
Richter Scale- A scale of earthquake magnitude based on the motion
of a seismograph.
26.
Secondary (S) Wave- A seismic wave that involves oscillation
perpendicular to the direction of propagation
27.
28.
Seismogram- The record made by a seismograph.
29.
Seismograph- An instrument that records earthquake waves.
30.
Seismology- The study of earthquakes and seismic waves.
31.
32.
Surface Wave- Seismic wave that travel along the outer layer of
earth.